Orchids are beautiful and demanding plants that require special care to thrive optimally. A crucial factor for the well-being and health of orchids is the right orchid substrate. In this article, we will tell you everything you need to know about orchid substrate and give recommendations for purchasing. Let's dive in!
Before we deal with the different types of orchid substrates, it's important to understand why the substrate is so crucial for orchids. Orchids originate from various habitats and have adapted to different conditions over the course of evolution. Some orchid species grow on trees (epiphytic), others on rocks (lithophytic), and still others on the ground (terrestrial). The roots of these plants are specialized in filtering and absorbing water and nutrients from their surroundings.
The right orchid substrate allows the roots to develop freely and absorb the necessary nutrients. It also provides good drainage to avoid waterlogging, which could harm the roots. The substrate should be sufficiently permeable to air to supply the roots with oxygen and prevent rot. In addition, the substrate should be able to store moisture to supply the plant with water during dry periods.
There are a variety of orchid substrates on the market, specifically tailored to the needs of orchids. Each substrate has its own characteristics and advantages. Below we will introduce you to some of the most common orchid substrates:
is one of the most popular substrates for orchids. It consists of 90% pine bark and 10% sphagnum moss. This substrate is particularly suitable for Phalaenopsis orchids that grow in pots of 12 cm diameter or larger. It is also suitable for other orchid species that develop air roots and require good air supply. The loose structure of the pine bark allows sufficient oxygen supply and prevents waterlogging. The sphagnum moss stores moisture and protects the orchid from drying out.
The coarse orchid substrate is best suited for pots with a diameter of 12 to 15 cm. It consists of biodegradable fibers derived from the waste of coconut production. This substrate contains 15% bark, 30% coconut chips, 25% coconut peat, and 30% coarse coconut fibers. It provides good drainage and air circulation for the orchid's roots.
The fine orchid substrate is especially suitable for young plants in pots with a diameter of 9 cm. It consists of 60% coconut peat, 15% coconut fibers, and 15% mini bark. The fine structure of the substrate allows for an even distribution of water and air and serves as an indicator for the orchid's watering needs. When the substrate feels dry, it is time to water the orchid again.
There are two types of orchid substrates: organic and inorganic. Organic substrates consist of natural materials such as pine bark, coconut fibers, wood fibers, moss, and nutshells. These substrates are sustainable and provide orchids with a natural environment. Inorganic substrates such as styrofoam, rock wool, and sand are no longer recommended due to their negative impact on the environment.
If you want to know exactly what is in your orchid substrate, you can also mix it yourself. Use high-quality materials such as pine bark as the main substrate and, if necessary, mix in other additives such as sphagnum moss or perlite. Make sure the materials are clean and free from pests or pathogens.
Orchids should be repotted every two to three years to renew the substrate and give the roots enough space. If the substrate becomes too fine or the roots protrude from the pot, it's time for repotting. It is important not to repot the orchid during the flowering phase, as this could shock the plant. Always repot the orchid carefully and ensure that the roots are not damaged.
The right orchid substrate is crucial for the growth and health of your orchids. Choose the substrate according to the needs of your orchid species and ensure good drainage and air circulation. Whether you choose pine bark, coarse substrate, or fine substrate, make sure it is high-quality and adapted to the specific requirements of your orchids. Repot your orchids regularly to renew the substrate and provide enough space for the roots. With proper care and the right orchid substrate, your orchids will thrive healthily and splendidly.
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